Why bactrim for uti

This is the fifth post in the series Understanding UTIs. The goal of this seven-part series is to provide easy-to-understand, scientifically grounded information about UTIs. Patients referenced are composites, compiled from actual patient experiences.

Joanna Langner is a graduate student in Community Health and Prevention Research at Stanford who is interested in health disparities and women's health. Advanced features of this website require that you enable JavaScript in your browser. Thank you! Types of antibiotics Health care providers usually pick from one of three antibiotics for uncomplicated UTIs UTIs in the lower urinary tract of non-pregnant, premenopausal women.

Fosfomycin Monurol : This newer drug only has to be taken one time, but it's expensive and rarely prescribed. Antibiotics that shouldn't be a first choice for uncomplicated UTIs Other antibiotics appear to be overused, and some physicians may misuse non-recommended antibiotics as first-line treatments. New therapies are emerging In addition to antibiotics, there are some emerging treatment options, including d-mannose , a sugar that can be taken orally to stop the proliferation of bacteria in the bladder.

May potentiate oral anticoagulants eg, warfarin , hypoglycemics, phenytoin, methotrexate, digoxin; monitor. May be potentiated by indomethacin. May increase risk of thrombocytopenia with diuretics esp. Nephrotoxicity with cyclosporine in renal transplant. May antagonize tricyclic antidepressants. May interfere with assays for serum methotrexate, creatinine.

PJP treatment: avoid leucovorin. Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, allergic skin reactions, blood dyscrasias eg, megaloblastic anemia , hemolysis, hepatic or renal toxicity, crystalluria, pancreatitis, photosensitivity, drug fever, rash may be serious, eg, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, others , hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia; C.

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I want to get healthier. Close Health Alerts from Harvard Medical School Get helpful tips and guidance for everything from fighting inflammation to finding the best diets for weight loss Close Stay on top of latest health news from Harvard Medical School. Sign me up. The single-dose therapy had a clinical response rate equivalent to the two three-day regimens. Gatifloxacin is also expected to be 1, times less likely than older fluoroquinolones to become resistant because of its 8-methoxy structure.

Fosfomycin Monurol is another treatment option for patients with UTI. The U. A study 20 comparing a single dose of fosfomycin 3 g with a seven-day course of nitrofurantoin mg twice daily showed similar bacteriologic cure rates 60 versus 59 percent, respectively. Increasing resistance, however, has limited their effectiveness. Cephalosporins are pregnancy category B drugs, and a seven-day regimen can be considered as a second-line therapy for pregnant women.

Ciprofloxacin Cipro. Gatifloxacin Tequin. Physicians commonly recommend nonpharmacologic options e. A Cochrane review 22 found insufficient evidence to recommend the use of cranberry juice to manage UTI. Similarly, no scientific evidence suggests that women with cystitis should increase their fluid intake, and some doctors speculate that increased fluid may be detrimental because it may decrease the urinary concentration of antimicrobial agents.

Treating older women who have UTIs requires special consideration. The study, which included outpatient and institutionalized women with an average age of approximately 80 years, showed a 96 percent bacteriologic eradication rate with ciprofloxacin compared with an 80 percent eradication rate with TMP-SMX for the three most common isolates.

The three-day therapy had a higher failure rate when compared with the seven-day regimen. The incidence of UTI in men ages 15 to 50 years is very low, and little evidence exists on treating them. Risk factors include homosexuality, intercourse with an infected woman, and lack of circumcision.

The limited available data are similar on two key points. First, the data show that men should receive the same treatment as women with the exception of nitrofurantoin, which has poor tissue penetration. After reviewing the available clinical data as of and classifying it by quality of evidence, the IDSA published guidelines for the use of antimicrobial agents to treat women with UTI. Second, although it recognizes that they have efficacy rates similar to TMP-SMX, the IDSA does not recommend fluoroquinolones as universal first-line agents because of resistance concerns.

Third, the IDSA recommends a seven-day course of nitrofurantoin or a single dose of fosfomycin as reasonable treatment alternatives.

Finally, the IDSA does not recommend the use of betalactams because multiple studies have shown them to be inferior when compared with other treatments. Figure 1 is an algorithm for the management of uncomplicated UTIs. Algorithm for the management of uncomplicated urinary tract infections.

Already a member or subscriber? Log in. Interested in AAFP membership? Learn more. She received her medical degree at the University of Oklahoma College of Medicine-Tulsa, where she also completed a family medicine residency.

Address correspondence to Susan A. Mehnert-Kay, M. Louis Ave. Reprints are not available from the author.

The author thanks Karen Malnar, R. National Institutes of Health.