Where is the secondary spermatocyte located

There is no replication of genetic material in this division, but the centromere divides so that a single-stranded chromatid goes to each cell.

As a result of the two meiotic divisions, each primary spermatocyte produces four spermatids. During spermatogenesis there are two cellular divisions, but only one replication of DNA so that each spermatid has 23 chromosomes haploid , one from each pair in the original primary spermatocyte.

Each successive stage in spermatogenesis is pushed toward the center of the tubule so that the more immature cells are at the periphery and the more differentiated cells are nearer the center. Spermatogenesis and oogenesis in the female differs from mitosis because the resulting cells have only half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. When the sperm cell nucleus unites with an egg cell nucleus, the full number of chromosomes is restored.

If sperm and egg cells were produced by mitosis, then each successive generation would have twice the number of chromosomes as the preceding one. The final step in the development of sperm is called spermiogenesis. In this process , the spermatids formed from spermatogenesis become mature spermatozoa , or sperm.

The mature sperm cell has a head , midpiece, and tail. The head, also called the nuclear region, contains the 23 chromosomes surrounded by a nuclear membrane. The tip of the head is covered by an acrosome , which contains enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the female gamete. The cyst arises from a Sertoli cell associated with the original germ cell. Clusters of cells resulting from divisions of the original germ cell maintain a consistent stage of development within the cyst Secondary spermatogonia are smaller than primary spermatogonia with large lightly basophilic nuclei and little cytoplasm.

Primary spermatocytes, the result of another round of mitotic divisions, are smaller still with increasingly basophilic nuclei. Primary spermatocytes undergo the first meiotic division to produce secondary spermatocytes. Still contained within the cyst, these cells are again smaller and have increasingly dense basophilic nuclei. In the spermatids, the chromatids represent single strands of DNA and become the chromosomes of the gametes. Subsequently, each spermatid undergoes a radical morphological alteration to become a spermatozoon.

This process of morphological change is called spermiogenesis. Note that half of the spermatids will development into spermatozoa carrying an X chromosome and half will develop into spermatozoa carrying a Y chromosome. During spermiogenesis , the morphology of the spermatid radically changes. The cell develops the acrosome , which covers the sperm head and contains enzymes that assist in penetrating the zona pellucida during fertilization.

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